Atta mexicana

Atta mexicana
is a large and highly organized leafcutter ant species native to Mexico and parts of Central America. Like other members of the Atta genus, they cultivate fungus using freshly cut vegetation, which serves as the colony’s only food source. Known for their strong caste system and extensive foraging behavior, they are one of the most impressive ant species to observe in captivity.

This species requires specialized care and large custom setups, making it suitable only for advanced ant keepers with the proper infrastructure.

Environment: Large custom leafcutter setup with separate chambers for fungus, foraging, and waste. Each chamber should have independent climate control to replicate natural conditions.

Humidity: Maintain 95–99 percent in the fungus chamber and 60–80 percent in the foraging area. Humidity must remain stable at all times to protect the fungus.

Diet: Fresh, pesticide free leaves and flowers such as bramble, oak, rose, and fruit tree leaves. Other safe plant materials like hibiscus or raspberry leaves can also be provided.

Behavior: Very active and highly organized. Colonies have distinct worker castes and build large tunnel systems connecting chambers. They continuously forage and cut vegetation to feed their fungus.

Temperature: Keep the fungus chamber at 24–26 °C and the foraging area slightly cooler. Sudden temperature drops or spikes must be avoided.

Comparison of Atta and Acromyrmex

Genus:
Atta: True leafcutter ants
Acromyrmex: Also fungus growing ants but generally smaller and spiny

Visual appearance:
Atta: Smooth thorax or up to four small spines, shiny body, very large queens up to 30 mm, strong caste differences
Acromyrmex: More textured with four to eighteen prominent spines, slightly smaller queens with visible dorsal spines, workers more uniform in size

Captive care requirements:
Atta: Fungus is extremely sensitive and requires stable high humidity. Colonies can reach millions and need large setups with dedicated waste chambers and continuous fresh leaves
Acromyrmex: Fungus is sensitive but slightly easier to manage. Colonies grow large but are more manageable in size and setup